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      SNAP-PAC-R1-B
      Hover over image to zoom in

      SNAP-PAC-R1-B

      Availability: Obsolete
      OBSOLETE SNAP PAC R-series Programmable Automation Controller - B-series rack - REST API - Analog, full digital, serial
      Data Sheet User's Guide

      Production Specification

      *** This product is OBSOLETE, the replacement parts are SNAP-PAC-R1 and SNAP-RCK-M2B. ***

      Build your system in the SNAP I/O Configurator.

      Now developer and IoT ready with a built-in HTTP/HTTPS server and RESTful API. See Programming and Protocols, below.

      ** Compatible with groov EPIC. You can control SNAP PAC R-series I/O units with groov EPIC or control groov EPIC I/O units with a SNAP PAC R-series controller running PAC Control R10.a or higher. **

      PLEASE NOTE: The SNAP-PAC-R1-B programmable automation controller provides an upgrade path for I/O on an older SNAP B-series rack. This controller can be used only on a B-series rack with a B in the part number (it cannot be used with a SNAP-D64RS rack). For new installations, do not use this controller; instead, use a SNAP-PAC-R1 controller on a SNAP PAC rack.

      The SNAP-PAC-R1-B is identical to the SNAP-PAC-R1 except that, due to its use on B-series racks, 4-channel digital I/O modules can be placed only in the first 8 rack positions.

      The SNAP-PAC-R1-B provides control, communication, and I/O processing in a compact, rack-mounted package. One of four components of the SNAP PAC System, the SNAP-PAC-R1-B is fully integrated with PAC Project software, SNAP PAC brains, and SNAP I/O modules.

      Used with the included PAC Project Basic software suite (or PAC Project Professional, purchased separately), the Ethernet-based SNAP-PAC-R1-B can handle almost all your industrial control, remote monitoring, and data acquisition needs.

      System Architecture
      This intelligent, flexible PAC can be used in several ways. The SNAP-PAC-R1-B can provide complete cell control on its own rack with I/O modules. It can also control SNAP PAC and groov EPIC I/O units at the same time for a larger system. Or the R1 can be used in a more extensive distributed control system as an I/O unit controlled by a groov EPIC processor or a SNAP PAC S-series controller. It can even be used as intelligent remote I/O for Allen-Bradley Logix PLC systems, such as ControlLogix and MicroLogix.

      Networking
      Two independent, 10/100 Mbps Ethernet network interfaces are included on each SNAP-PAC-R1-B. These interfaces have separate IP addresses and can be used to segment the control network from the company network or to provide Ethernet link redundancy in case of link failure or maintenance. In addition, the controller has an RS-232 serial port with hardware handshaking, which can be used for PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)communication over a modem or for direct connection to serial devices.

      Programming and Protocols
      The SNAP-PAC-R1-B is programmed using the included PAC Control software. PAC Control is a flowchart-based tool for developing control applications, called strategies. You create and debug the strategy on your computer and then download it to the R1-B, where it runs independently. The controller has 16 MB of RAM and can run up to 16 PAC Control flowcharts at once (many more can be included in the strategy).

      REST API: All I/O point and strategy variable data is available for secure access using the built-in HTTPS server and RESTful API, with data delivered in JSON format. For complete API documentation and steps for getting started, see developer.opto22.com. In addition, two Node-RED nodes are available. Note that minimum firmware R9.5a and PAC Project R9.5a are required to use the REST API.

      You can build full-featured operator interfaces (HMIs) using the included PAC Display software, which taps the same tagname database you've already developed in PAC Control. SNAP PAC R-series controllers are also compatible with Opto 22's groov products and groov View HMI tool.

      In addition to control, the SNAP-PAC-R1-B provides communication. Because it is based on the Internet Protocol (IP), the SNAP-PAC-R1 can communicate simultaneously using several different protocols, including TCP/IP, EtherNet/IP, PPP, Modbus/TCP, SNMP for network management, SMTP for emailing, and OptoMMP, the open memory-mapped protocol used by all Opto 22 Ethernet-based devices.

      I/O Processing
      The controller mounts on a SNAP B-series mounting rack (for example, the SNAP-B12M). These racks handle a mix of I/O—analog, digital, and serial. Choose the modules needed for your application from the extensive line of SNAP I/O modules. Note that 4-channel digital I/O modules can be placed only in the first 8 slots on a B-series rack.
      • Analog features include thermocouple linearization, minimum/maximum values, offset and gain calibration, scaling, ramping, TPO, output clamping, filter weight, and watchdog timer. The SNAP-PAC-R1-B also offers up to 96 PID loops.
      • Digital features on 4-channel digital modules include latching, high-speed counting (up to 20 kHz depending on the module), quadrature counting, pulse generation and measurement, TPO, and watchdog timer. Features on high-density digital modules are more limited (see module data sheet for details).
      Compare SNAP PAC controllers and brains (detailed chart).

      Build your system in the SNAP I/O Configurator.
      *** This product is OBSOLETE, the replacement parts are SNAP-PAC-R1 and SNAP-RCK-M2B. ***

      Processor

      200 MHz 32-bit ColdFire® 5475 with integrated floating-point unit (FPU)

      Memory
        Total RAM

        Battery-backed RAM
        Flash

       

      16 MB (5 MB available for PAC Control strategy and 2 MB for file storage)

        2 MB (1 MB available for PAC Control strategy)
        8 MB (3.25 MB available for PAC Control strategy; 384 KB available for file storage)

      Removable storage

      (Models with manufacture dates of November 2008 and newer. Requires firmware R9.4a or higher and loader R6.1a or higher) MicroSD card slot: supports microSD or microSDHC cards to 32 GB.
      (Note: Models with card slots and firmware R8.4 through R9.3e support microSD cards up to 2 GB only.)

      Backup battery

      Rechargeable (recharges whenever the brain has power), 3-year power-off data retention (replacement part number: SNAP-PAC-BATTERY-ML2430)1

      Communication
        Ethernet

        RS-232 serial

       

      Two independent 10/100 Mbps Ethernet network interfaces (RJ-45 connectors). Each interface has a separate IP address. Connects to host and I/O. Supports Auto MDI-X (crossover cable not needed).
      One RS-232 serial port2 with hardware handshaking. Connects to host (via modem and PPP) or serial device. Cannot connect to serial I/O.

      I/O unit compatibility

      SNAP PAC I/O units: SNAP PAC R-series and EB-series I/O units
      groov EPIC
      groov RIO

      Power requirements

      5.0–5.2 VDC @ 1.5 A

      Hold-down screw

      Torque: Not to exceed 1 in-lb (0.11 N-m)

      Connector screw

      Torque: 1.7 in-lb (0.19 N-m)

      Environmental
        Operating temperature
        Storage temperature
        Humidity

       

      -20 °C to 60 °C
      -40 °C to 85 °C
      0% to 95% relative humidity, non-condensing

      Software
        PAC Project Basic
        PAC Project Professional


        REST API3

      Includes programming, HMI software, and configuration software; included with purchase of controller.
      PAC Project Basic plus OPC 2.0-compliant OPC server, database connectivity, OptoControl strategy and OptoDisplay project importing, and support for Ethernet link redundancy or network segmenting.
      Use HTTPS to access data (read/write or read-only) from controller tags using your chosen programming language. Data returned in JSON. More information at developer.opto22.com

      Number of charts that can run simultaneously

      16

      Agency certifications

      ATEX, UL, DFARS, CE, RoHS; UKCA

      Warranty

      30 months from date of manufacture

      Other features

      • Multiple protocol support including TCP/IP, FTP, EtherNet/IP, Modbus/TCP,
        SNMP v2.0c, OptoMMP™, and SMTP
      • Built-in I/O processor handles up to 16 digital
      4, analog, and serial I/O modules   on the same rack
      • Real-time clock
      • FTP server/client with file system (in RAM and in removable storage)
      • Scratch Pad area for peer-to-peer communication
      • Configurable link redundancy or segmented networking
        for I/O-controller subnetting (when using PAC Project Professional)

      1 Models manufactured before July 1, 2007 have a user-replaceable 3-volt CR2032 Lithium battery (typical service life with power off: 5 years).
      2 Connecting to a serial device requires configuration in PAC Manager; PAC Control handles communication.
      3 Requires firmware R9.5a or higher
      4 SNAP-PAC-R1s with serial numbers lower than 600,000, and all SNAP-PAC-R1-Bs, are limited to eight 4-channel digital modules per rack; remaining eight can be analog, serial, and high-density digital modules.

      SNAP PAC R-Series Controller Data Sheet

      This data sheet describes Opto 22's SNAP PAC R-series programmable automation controllers, part of the SNAP PAC System. A SNAP PAC R-series controller is an on-the-rack, industrially hardened unit that handles multiple control, automation, and data acquisition tasks involving digital and analog control, serial string handling, PID, and enterprise connectivity.

      This data sheet covers the following part numbers:

      SNAP PAC R-Series Controllers User's Guide

      This user's guide shows you how to install and use Opto 22's SNAP PAC R-series programmable automation controllers. SNAP PAC R-series controllers are on-the-rack industrial controllers. Each controller monitors and controls a wide range of devices and equipment wired to the I/O on its own rack and on distributed racks equipped with SNAP PAC EB-series brains. Alternatively, the R-series controller can be used as a slave to a larger groov EPIC edge programmable industrial controller or SNAP PAC S-series standalone industrial controller.

      SNAP PAC controllers are programmed with PAC Control Basic or PAC Control Professional, Opto 22's flowchart-based development software, which is part of the PAC Project software suite.

      This user's guide covers the following SNAP PACs:

      IO4AB User's Guide

      This guide provides instructions on how to set up EtherNet/IP messaging between an Allen-Bradley® Logix™ controller and Opto 22’s SNAP PAC I/O using Opto 22’s EtherNet/IP Configurator as well as Allen-Bradley’s RSLogix™ 5000 software.

      Legacy Edition, PAC Manager User's Guide

      This document is the Legacy Edition of the PAC Manager User's Guide. It includes information about both SNAP PAC hardware and older hardware.

      Use this guide if you are using any legacy hardware (SNAP Ultimate, SNAP Ethernet, and SNAP Simple I/O, E1 and E2 brain boards) with PAC Manager (software part number PACMANAGER).

      If you are using SNAP PAC controllers and SNAP PAC brains only, use Form 1704, PAC Manager User's Guide instead of this guide.

      PAC Manager User's Guide

      This guide shows you how to use PAC Manager to assign IP addresses, configure I/O, and inspect and maintain Opto 22 SNAP PAC hardware. PAC Manager is part of the PAC Project Software Suite and also available separately (part number PACMANAGER).

      NOTE: If you are using older Opto 22 hardware in addition to SNAP PAC controllers and brains, use the Legacy Edition of this guide, form #1714.

      SNAP PAC Controller Comparison Chart

      This chart compares details for all SNAP PAC programmable automation controllers: SoftPAC software controller, SNAP PAC S-series standalone controllers, and SNAP PAC R-series rack-mounted controllers.

      For additional details on SNAP PAC R-series controllers (including specific I/O processing features), see Form 1677,  SNAP PAC Controller and Brain Comparison Chart.

      Using Modbus Devices with Opto 22 Products Technical Note

      This technical note introduces the Modbus protocol and gives you basic information for using it to communicate between Opto 22 products and other devices. Because Modbus/TCP and Modbus serial are handled differently by various manufacturers, the tech note describes specific areas that may be a concern and includes troubleshooting suggestions.

      SNAP PAC System Specification Guide

      This guide is a comprehensive introduction to the SNAP PAC System. The guide describes the system's components (software, controllers, I/O processors, and I/O); shows how to build a basic system and how to expand it; and includes installation instructions, wiring diagrams, dimensional drawings, and specifications for parts.

      SNAP PAC Controller and Brain Comparison Chart

      This document compares features of SNAP PAC hardware controllers (SNAP PAC S-series and R-series) and SNAP PAC brains, all part of the SNAP PAC System.

      NOTE: Due to the unavailability of essential parts, all SNAP PAC brains are obsolete and no longer available. Use rack-mounted controllers instead of Ethernet-based brains. For serial brain options, contact Opto 22 Pre-Sales.

      SNAP PAC System Product Guide

      This document lists and describes all current Opto 22 SNAP PAC System part numbers, including PAC Project software, SNAP PAC controllers, and SNAP I/O modules of all kinds. SNAP PAC mounting racks and SNAP power supplies are also listed.

      SNAP PAC Controllers and Brains Firmware README

      This README file lists revision changes made to the firmware used in SNAP PAC S-series, R-series, and SoftPAC controllers; SNAP PAC EB-series and SB-series brains; and G4EB2 and G4D32EB2 brains.

      PAC Project Readme Notes

      Latest Readme for PAC Project Basic and Professional. Includes information on new features, enhancements, and bug fixes for each PAC Project application: PAC Control, PAC Display, OptoOPCServer, PAC Manager, and Tools.

      SNAP PAC I/O Coprocessor Firmware README

      This README file lists changes to the I/O coprocessor firmware available in rack-mounted Opto 22 controllers and brains manufactured starting in 2016.

      I/O coprocessors can be present in the SNAP PAC R-series controllers, and in SNAP PAC EB-series and SB-series brains. Instructions to find out if your device has an I/O coprocessor are included in this README and in the PAC Manager User's Guide.

      NOTE: The following products manufactured with I/O coprocessors have firmware R3.0a; you do not need to update the firmware in these products at this time:

      • SNAP-PAC-EB1
      • SNAP-PAC-EB1-W
      • SNAP-PAC-SB1
      • SNAP-PAC-SB2

      EtherNet/IP for SNAP PAC Protocol Guide

      This guide provides detailed descriptions of the EtherNet/IP commands that can be accessed when using remote Opto 22 I/O with an Allen-Bradley controller.

      Modbus/TCP Protocol Guide

      This document shows you how to set up communication between Ethernet-based Modbus systems (using Modbus/TCP) and the groov EPIC system or SNAP PAC System.

      In addition to groov I/O and the SNAP PAC System, the guide also covers Modbus/TCP communication with older Opto 22 Ethernet-based devices, including SNAP Ethernet, SNAP Simple, and SNAP Ultimate I/O as well as E1 and E2 brain boards.

      OptoMMP Protocol Guide

      This guide is for programmers who are writing custom applications to communicate with Opto 22 memory-mapped devices. These devices include groov EPIC processors; groov RIO modules; SNAP PAC controllers and SNAP PAC EB and SB brains; G4EB2 brains; SNAP Ultimate, SNAP Ethernet, and SNAP Simple I/O; E1 and E2 brain boards, and SNAP-LCE controllers.

      The guide describes how to use the IEEE 1394-based OptoMMP memory-mapped protocol for programming. The guide also contains the complete memory map for all Opto 22 memory-mapped devices.

      NOTE: This guide replaced previous individual programming guides for SNAP Ultimate I/O (form 1312) and SNAP Ethernet I/O (form 1227). This document was formerly called the "SNAP Ethernet-Based I/O Units Protocols and Programming Guide."

      Configuring Email Applications for Opto 22 Products

      You can use many Opto 22 products to send email notifications to keep engineers and technicians aware of
      important conditions in your system. For example:

      • You can send email through a PAC Control strategy running on a groov EPIC or SNAP PAC controller.
      • Your groov View HMI can send event notifications via email.
      • Your Node-RED flow on groov RIO or groov EPIC can send email.
      IMPORTANT: Due to security changes, you will stop receiving emails from your Opto 22 devices unless you
      configure your email account with an application-specific password. This technical note gives you the details and the steps to configure your account.

      UKCA Declaration of Conformity (ATEX, EMC, LVD, RoHS)

      This document is the Manufacturer's Declaration of Conformity for the products listed herein, in accordance with the rules, regulations and standards of the United Kingdom. The models cited have been tested to the essential requirements listed in the Standards section, and fully comply with the legislation as listed in UK Legislation section.

      Opto 22 announces strategic partnership with IBM and acceptance into the IBM Watson IoT partner ecosystem

      Opto 22 announces strategic partnership with IBM and acceptance into the IBM Watson IoT partner ecosystem, providing developers a full stack end-to-end toolset for rapidly developing and deploying industrial IoT applications.

      This partnershiip will bridge the gap between existing industrial assets and infrastructure, and the digital world of mobile, cloud, and information technology.

      Watch this video and see how to get started. 

       

      Connect Real-world Data to an AT&T M2X Device Technical Note

      This technical note shows you how to send real-world data, in this example a temperature in degrees F, to an AT&T M2X device in the cloud.

      2017 White Paper: State of the IIoT, 2017

      The next industrial revolution, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), is happening now. This white paper summarizes the key IIoT trends from 2016, with predictions and recommendations for 2017 on:

      - IIoT challenges still to be met
      - Standards and architectures that work well for the IIoT
      - Platforms to watch; their strengths and weaknesses

      Case Study: Hashemite University Solar

      The country of Jordan, with few oil resources, imports 96% of its energy needs from neighboring Middle Eastern countries. Starting in 2007, the Jordanian government committed to investing heavily in renewable and nuclear energy.

      One of the universities leading the adoption of renewable energy technology is Hashemite University (HU) in Zarqa. This case study shows how FB Group in Amman designed and built a solar farm with enough photovoltaic (PV) capacity to power the entire university.

      Connect Industrial Devices to IBM Watson IoT Technical Note

      If you've heard about our Opto 22 SNAP PACs with their built-in RESTful API (application program interface), you may be wondering how you'd use that API to send real-world data to the IBM® Watson IoT® platform.

      This technical note shows you how, step by step. This technical note is also a blog post on our website.

      For more information, see Press Release 2217.

      Opto 22 Conecta Digitalmente el IIoT con el Lanzamiento de Nodos de Node-RED para los PAC Industriales

      PARA PUBLICACI?N INMEDIATA: Opto 22 Conecta Digitalmente el IIoT con el Lanzamiento de Nodos de Node-RED para los PAC Industriales

      Opto 22 Digitally Wires the IIoT with Release of Node-RED Nodes for Industrial PACs

      Opto 22 Digitally Wires the IIoT with Release of Node-RED Nodes for Industrial PACs.

      Opto 22 announces immediate availability of Node-RED nodes for its industrial programmable automation controllers (PACs), significantly decreasing Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) application development time and complexity.

      Opto 22 Permite Desarrollo Rápido de Aplicaciones Industriales para la Internet de las Cosas con el Lanzamiento de la API REST para Controladores Programables de Automatización (PACs) In

      PARA PUBLICACI?N INMEDIATA: Opto 22 Permite Desarrollo R¨¢pido de Aplicaciones Industriales para la Internet de las Cosas con el Lanzamiento de la API REST para Controladores Programables de Automatizaci¨®n (PACs) In

      Opto 22 Enables Rapid Industrial Internet of Things Application Development With Release of RESTful API to Industrial Programmable Automation Controllers (PACs)

      Press release announcing new built-in HTTP/HTTPS server and RESTful API in Opto 22 SNAP PAC standalone and rack-mounted programmable automation controllers.

      For complete API documentation and steps to get started, visit developer.opto22.com.

      La API de SNAP PAC REST y la Internet de las Cosas para los Profesionales del OT

      La API de SNAP PAC REST y la Internet de las Cosas para los Profesionales del OT, SNAP PAC REST API OT Technical Note (Spanish)

      SNAP PAC REST API and the Internet of Things - for OT Professionals

      We’ve all heard about the Internet of Things (IoT) and its promises: bringing useful data directly to people who make business decisions, and enabling machines to communicate with each other and make decisions for human benefit.

      But how does the IoT actually work? How does the data get from inside these physical "things" to computer networks where it can be used?

      This technical paper describes that pathway for OT (operational technology) professionals—automation professionals. It describes the kinds of data you may be asked to provide and why. It explains how data from physical "things"—especially existing sensors and actuators that have no IoT capabilities built in—can be securely communicated to company computer networks, without disturbing control networks.

      The paper also explains concepts important to any IoT strategy, like encryption and authentication, and introduces a new method to achieve the IoT results you need now, without requiring a complex chain of conversion hardware and software.

      Learn about the REST API and the IoT from an information technology (IT) professional's standpoint in the companion tech note, SNAP PAC REST API and the Internet of Things - for IT Professionals.

      La API de SNAP PAC REST y la Internet de las Cosas para los Profesionales de IT

      La API de SNAP PAC REST y la Internet de las Cosas para los Profesionales de IT - SNAP PAC REST API IT Technical Note (Spanish)

      SNAP PAC REST API and the Internet of Things - for IT Professionals

      We’ve all heard about the Internet of Things (IoT) and its promises: bringing useful data directly to people who make business decisions, and enabling machines to communicate with each other and make decisions for human benefit.

      But how does the IoT actually work? How does the data get from inside these machines to computer networks where we can use it?

      This technical paper describes that pathway for IT (information technology) professionals, explaining how physical "things" communicate, what kinds of data in them might be useful, and the current barriers to getting that data—especially from existing sensors and devices that have no IoT capabilities built in.

      The paper also describes a new method to cut through those barriers and achieve the IoT results you want now.

      Learn about the REST API and the IoT from an automation professional's standpoint in the companion tech note, SNAP PAC REST API and the Internet of Things - for OT Professionals.

      Tutorial de Computacion en el Borde

      2184S Tutorial de Computacion en el Borde (Spanish Edge Computing Primer - Spanish)

      CE Declaration of Conformity: ATEX

      This document is the Manufacturer's Declaration for the listed products as mentioned in the attachment - to which this confirmation refers - that they are in accordance with the mentioned European, international and/or national standards and regulations.

      Su Tutorial de la IoT: Reduciendo la brecha entre OT y IT

      Su Tutorial de la IoT: Reduciendo la brecha entre OT y IT

      Your IoT Primer: Bridge the Gap between OT and IT

      You've probably heard about the Internet of Things (IoT). But what is it, and how will it affect our businesses?

      This primer helps you understand the IoT and the significant challenges we face to realize its benefits.

      The primer defines operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT), and shows how they are converging and why. It defines IoT technologies and suggests 3 steps you can take to develop an effective and profitable IoT strategy.

      Opto 22 Integrates Custom Applications with SNAP PAC Control Systems

      Press release: Opto 22 Integrates Custom Applications with SNAP PAC Control Systems with Opto 22 .NET Controller Software Development Kit (SDK) for SNAP PAC.
       

      Replacing the SNAP PAC Rechargeable Battery Technical Note

      Several SNAP PAC controllers and brains contain a rechargeable backup battery. The battery recharges whenever the brain has power and retains data for an extended period of time with the power off.

      You should never have to replace this battery, but if you do, this technical note shows you how.

      Quick Guide: Troubleshooting Info from SNAP PAC Systems

      This technical note provides a quick guide about diagnostic files to collect and send in to Opto 22 Product Support for analysis when troubleshooting a SNAP PAC System.

      Communication Tools & Protocols for Opto 22 Products Technical Note

      This technical note describes the networking tools and protocols that are compatible with Opto 22 products for communication with a wide variety of software and systems.

      Updating the Loader on a SNAP Device

      It is rarely necessary to update the loader in a SNAP PAC controller or brain, but if you need to, this document shows you how. If you have questions, contact Opto 22 Product Support.

      Software for Programmable Automation Controllers (Chinese)

      This document is written in Chinese.

      This white paper explores some important features of programming software for a programmable automation controller (PAC).

      For additional white papers on PACs, see About PACs.

      Software for Programmable Automation Controllers

      This white paper explores some important features of programming software for a programmable automation controller (PAC).

      For additional white papers on PACs, see About PACs.

      Considerations for Choosing a Programmable Automation Controller (PAC)

      This white paper compares programmable automation controllers (PACs) with other automation technologies and suggests several considerations to keep in mind when choosing PACs for your industrial control or monitoring application.

      For additional white papers on PACs, see About PACs.

      6 Razones Para Considerar el Sistema SNAP PAC

      Este documento corto sugiere seis razones porqu¨¦ debe de considerar el Sistema SNAP PAC para su siguiente proyecto de automatizaci¨®n.

      6 Reasons to Consider the SNAP PAC System for Your Next Project

      This short document suggests six reasons why you should consider the SNAP PAC System for your next automation project.

      Opto 22 RoHS 3 Statement of Compliance - Restriction of Hazardous Substances

      This document is a statement of compliance with the EU Directive 2015/863/EU, Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS 3). This document lists Opto 22 products that comply with the substance restrictions of the RoHS 3 directive.

      SNAP PAC Memory Usage Technical Note

      This technical note shows how SNAP PAC memory, both volatile and non-volatile, is used. It compares memory available in the standalone SNAP PAC S-series, on-the-rack SNAP PAC R-series, and software-based SoftPAC controllers, and it also shows differences between wired Ethernet PACs and Wired+Wireless™ PACs.

      Understanding Programmable Automation Controllers (PACs) in Industrial Automation (Chinese)

      NOTE: This document is written in Chinese.

      This white paper describes the advent of the programmable automation controller (PAC) and its use in modern industrial applications.

      For additional white papers on PACs, see the Guide to PACs.

      Understanding Programmable Automation Controllers (PACs) in Industrial Automation

      This white paper describes the advent of the programmable automation controller (PAC) and its use in modern industrial applications.

      For additional white papers on PACs, see the Guide to PACs.

      Simplified IP Addressing

      This technical note introduces you to IP addressing on an Ethernet network.

      Technical Note: Using Offset and Gain

      This technical note shows you how to set offset and gain for Opto 22 analog input modules. It includes instructions for the following Opto 22 hardware:

      • groov RIO Universal I/O units, such as the GRV-R7-MM2001-10, and modules attached to groov EPIC processors, such as the GRV-EPIC-PR2
      • Modules attached to SNAP PAC controllers and brains, such as the SNAP-PAC-R1, and Ethernet-based I/O units, such as SNAP-B3000-ENET
      • Analog modules for mistic brains and bricks, such as the B3000 and B3000-HA 
      • Analog cards (such as the G4AIVA) for mistic high-density analog bricks (such as the G4HDAR)

      UL Approval Document

      This document lists all Opto 22 part numbers that have the Underwriters Laboratory (UL) approval.

      CE Declaration: Low Voltage

      This document is the Manufacturer's Declaration for the listed products as mentioned in the attachment - to which this confirmation refers - that they are in accordance with the mentioned European, international and/or national standards and regulations.

      Firmware for all SNAP PAC products

      Firmware for all SNAP PAC products (single download).

      See the README document for information on changes and fixes in the current version of this product's firmware.


      Selecting the Correct Version of PAC Manager to Install Firmware


      To install firmware, use the most recent release of PAC Manager (you can download the latest version from the Opto 22 website). Older versions of PAC Manager cannot install certain levels of firmware on controllers and brains shipped after certain dates or with certain versions of firmware currently installed on them. The following sections explain which versions of PAC Manager can install which versions of firmware for the indicated hardware.

       

      SNAP PAC R-series Controllers


      Some SNAP-PAC-R1 controllers shipped after August 26, 2024 require firmware R10.5g (or higher) and new bootloader firmware. For instructions on identifying these controllers, review the README document.

      SNAP R-series controllers shipped after February 22, 2022 shipped with new Ethernet components, PAC firmware R10.4d (or higher), and new bootloader firmware. For more information about minimum firmware requirements and installation requirements, review the README document.

      SNAP R-series controllers shipped after April 2, 2018 shipped with new flash components, PAC firmware R9.5g (or higher), and new bootloader firmware. Lower versions of firmware are not compatible with these controllers. For instructions on recovering controllers that are accidentally installed with lower versions of firmware, review the README document.

       

      SNAP PAC S-series Controllers


      SNAP S-series controllers shipped after February 22, 2022 shipped with new Ethernet components, PAC firmware R10.4d (or higher), and new bootloader firmware. For more information about minimum firmware requirements and installation requirements, review the README document.

      SNAP S-series controllers shipped after April 2, 2018 shipped with new flash components, PAC firmware R9.5g (or higher), and new bootloader firmware. Lower versions of firmware are not compatible with these controllers. For instructions on recovering controllers that are accidentally installed with lower versions of firmware, review the README document.

       

      SNAP PAC Ethernet and Serial Brains


      Some EB and SB brains shipped after April 2, 2018 shipped with new flash components, PAC firmware R9.5g (or higher), and new bootloader firmware. Lower versions of firmware are not compatible with these controllers. For instructions on recovering controllers that are accidentally installed with lower versions of firmware, review the README document.

       

      SoftPAC


      For SoftPAC firmware version R9.4c (or lower): To upgrade to firmware version R9.5a (or higher), you must install SoftPAC from the PAC Project installation file to update SoftPAC Monitor, then you can update the firmware. For instructions, see KB86020.

      SNAP PAC I/O Coprocessor Firmware (Single Download)

      I/O coprocessor firmware for rack-mounted SNAP PAC controllers and brains (single download).


      Not all rack-mounted Opto 22 products have an I/O coprocessor. 
      See the SNAP PAC I/O Coprocessor Firmware README for instructions to find out if your device has an I/O coprocessor.

      This zip file contains a README file and updates (.bin files) for SNAP PAC products with an I/O coprocessor:

      • SNAP-PAC-R1, -R1-W, and R1-B controllers
      • SNAP-PAC-R2 and -R2-W controllers
      • SNAP-PAC-EB1 and -EB1-W brains
      • SNAP-PAC-EB2 and -EB2-W brains
      • SNAP-PAC-SB1 and -SB2 brains

      You must download and unzip this file to access the specific firmware file for your Opto 22 controller or brain.

      SNAP PAC R-Series Controller Bootloader

      This download contains special firmware that upgrades the controller bootloader (or "loader") in SNAP PAC R-series controllers.

      Starting in April 2018, some R1, R1-FM, R1-B, and R2-series controllers include a new flash component. These units have a hardware revision date of April 2, 2018 (or newer) and require bootloader R6.2c (or higher).

      For details, see Opto 22 KB article KB87213.

      Previous Loaders

      See KB83929, Updating SNAP PAC Controllers to use microSDHC Cards on the Opto 22 website for important information on using the loader with SNAP PAC controllers.

      SNAP-PAC-R1 Controller Firmware

      This download contains a zip file with current firmware for the SNAP-PAC-R1 (including the GEN2 edition), SNAP-PAC-R1-B, and SNAP-PAC-R1-FM controllers.

      There are two firmware files for SNAP-PAC-R1. To determine which SNAP-PAC-R1 firmware file to install on your controller, you must first determine if you have a GEN2 controller by using one of the following methods:

      • Look for "GEN2" on the top of the controller.
      • Use PAC Manager to find the Installed Ram value:
        1. In PAC Manager, click Tools > Inspect, or click the Inspect button.
        2. In the Inspect Opto 22 Device window, enter the IP address for the SNAP-PAC-R1 controller, or select it from the Device Name list.
        3. Look for the Installed Ram value. If the value is 268435456, you have a GEN2 controller.

      If you have a GEN2 controller, install the firmware file called snap-pac-r1-gen2-R10.5g.bin using PAC Manager R10.5c (or higher).

      For all other SNAP-PAC-R1 controllers, install the snap-pac-r1-R10.5g.bin firmware file.

      Current firmware for all SNAP PAC brains and controllers is available in a single download here.

      See the README document for information on changes and fixes in the current version of this product's firmware.

      To install firmware, use the most recent release of PAC Manager (you can download the latest version from the Opto 22 website). Older versions of PAC Manager cannot install certain levels of firmware on controllers and brains shipped after certain dates or with certain versions of firmware currently installed on them.

      Some SNAP-PAC-R1 controllers shipped after August 26, 2024 require firmware R10.5g (or higher) and new bootloader firmware. For instructions on identifying these controllers (referred to as GEN2), review the README document.

      SNAP R-series controllers shipped after February 22, 2022 shipped with new Ethernet components, PAC firmware R10.4d (or higher), and new bootloader firmware. For more information about minimum firmware requirements and installation requirements, review the README document.

      SNAP R-series controllers shipped after April 2, 2018 shipped with new flash components, PAC firmware R9.5g (or higher), and new bootloader firmware. Lower versions of firmware are not compatible with these controllers. For instructions on recovering controllers that are accidentally installed with lower versions of firmware, review the README document.


      CAD 3D Drawing: SNAP-PAC-R1 Rack-mounted Controller

      This CAD file contains a 3-dimensional drawing of the SNAP-PAC-R1 rack-mounted programmable automation controller with high-speed digital functions. 

      CAD Drawing: SNAP-PAC-R1/R2 On-the-rack Controllers

      This CAD file includes drawings of the SNAP-PAC-R1 and SNAP-PAC-R2 programmable automation controllers. Both are rack-mounted controllers and I/O processors.

      Controller Time Synchronization Application

      This software application updates the internal clock for an Ethernet-connected Opto 22 controller. The application runs in Windows at the command prompt, and can update controller clocks regularly or just once.

      This application is used with the following Opto 22 controllers:

      • SNAP PAC S- and R-Series
      • Ultimate I/O (UIO)
      • SNAP-LCE
      • SNAP-LCM4
      • M4
      • M4RTU
      • M4IO
      This download is freeware. Before downloading, read the Legal Agreement.

      Security Certificates

      Current security certificates are embedded in the firmware for Opto 22 products. If you are using recent firmware or can update your device to current firmware, you do not need any of these certificates. If you cannot update firmware, then you can apply a certificate from this zip file as needed.

      Before you download, read the Legal Agreement.

      This zip file contains the following certificates:

      • DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA (DigiCert.der) - Valid from 11/9/2006 to 11/9/2031
      • GeoTrust Primary Certification Authority (GeoTrustPCS.crt) - Valid from 11/26/2006 to 7/16/2036
      • GlobalSign Root CA (GSR1.crt) - Valid from 9/1/1998 to 1/28/2028
      • GTS Root R1 (gtsr1.der) - Valid from 6/21/2016 to 6/21/2036
      • GTS Root R2 (gtsr2.der) - Valid from 6/21/2016 to 6/21/2036
      Certificate installation instructions are located here: Background information

      A valid security certificate may be required by mail servers to allow you to send emails from your Opto 22 products, for example, through: 
      • a PAC Control strategy running on a groov EPIC or SNAP PAC controller
      • a groov View HMI sending event notifications
      • a Node-RED flow on groov RIO or groov EPIC
      Valid security certificates may also be required by other services you may be using via software on your Opto 22 device (for example, using Node-RED to move data in and out of Google Sheets).

      All providers of email or other services update their security certificates from time to time. When that happens, your email or other service will stop working until you either install a new certificate or update firmware that contains the new certificate. Make sure you set up error handling procedures or other ways to verify that services are working. 

      Opto 22 updates certificates as soon as we know about new ones. If you see a security error (for example, -2104 in PAC Control) or have some other indication of a certificate issue, be sure to check for new firmware or download this zip file. If you need help, contact Opto 22 Product Support.

      SNAP PAC RESTful API to Access Database Example

      This download is an interactive Access database sample that builds commands to read data from an Opto 22 SNAP PAC programmable automation controller and store the data in a Microsoft Access table.

      The download includes all files needed and a technical note documenting the sample. Before you download, read the Legal Agreement.

      Watch the video below for an introduction to the samples.

       

      SNAP PAC RESTful API to Excel Spreadsheet Example

      This download contains sample spreadsheets you can use to read from and write to an Opto 22 SNAP PAC programmable automation controller via the PAC’s RESTful API. In this way you can securely share I/O point and variable data in your SNAP PAC controller with an Excel spreadsheet.

      The download includes all files needed and a technical note documenting the samples. Before you download, read the Legal Agreement.

      Watch the video below for an introduction to the samples.

       

      Video: SNAP PAC RESTful API to MS Excel

      Click here to download the Excel example 
      What does the new built-in RESTful API in Opto 22 SNAP PAC S-series and R-series programmable automation controllers mean to you? It means you can use a variety of programming languages to easily access data in the PAC.

      Data includes I/O point information plus variables in your PAC Control strategy. Using the REST API and HTTPS server in the PAC, you can securely share data with a wide variety of software applications, devices, and online services.

      Video: SNAP PAC RESTful API to MS Access

      Click here to download the Access example.
      What does the new built-in RESTful API in Opto 22 SNAP PAC S-series and R-series programmable automation controllers mean to you? It means you can use a variety of programming languages to easily access data in the PAC.
      Data includes I/O point information plus variables in your PAC Control strategy. Using the REST API and HTTPS server in the PAC, you can securely share data with a wide variety of software applications, devices, and online services.

      Video: SNAP PAC System Overview

      This overview describes the four integrated components of the SNAP PAC system: software, controllers, brains and I/O. This hardware and software system is designed for industrial control, remote monitoring and data acquisition.

      Video: SNAP PAC R Series Controllers

      A quick overview of SNAP PAC R-series controllers.

      Video: Controllers: SNAP-PAC-R1 vs. -R2

      A quick overview of SNAP-PAC-R1 vs -R2 controllers.

      Video: Dual Ethernet Interfaces: Controllers vs. Brains

      A quick overview of Dual Ethernet Interfaces: Controllers vs. Brains.

      Video: Securing SNAP Module

      A quick overview on securing a SNAP Module to a SNAP rack.

      Video: Removing a SNAP Module

      A quick overview on removing a SNAP module.

      Video: EtherNet-IP for SNAP I/O

      Sr. Systems Engineer James Davis demonstrates Configuring EtherNet/IP so A-B PLCs can use intelligent remote SNAP I/O. More info: IO4AB

      Video: Using SNAP PAC System with Ethernet/ IP

      A quick overview of how any device using the EtherNet/IP protocol from Allen-Bradley can communicate with Opto 22 SNAP PAC controllers and brains. More info: IO4AB

      Video: Webinar: Controller Redundancy in PAC Control 9

      Learn how to implement controller redundancy in SNAP PAC systems.

      PID: Reaction Curve Tuning for Interactive PID algorithms

      Tune your real-world PID control loop with this graphical tuner. Plug in your data and get calculated P, I, and D values, plus scan rate.

      Accuracy vs Resolution

      What's the difference between accuracy and resolution in analog I/O specifications? Try your own specs in the calculator.

      What is a PAC?

      Learn all about Programmable Automation Controllers (PACs) including the history of the term PAC, PAC features, and Opto 22 PACs.

      In the period of madness, more or less enduring, of the victim of the Great Powers' policy, somebody who is innocent usually suffers. Sometimes the Powers know it, oftener they do not. Either way it does not worry them. They set about doing their best to destroy, and that is their whole duty. But this the civilians were very plainly not minded to do. They dropped back, now to cinch up, now to take a drink from the flasks, now to argue, once for one of their number to recover from an attack of heart disease. The Elltons' pretty child was like its mother, [Pg 288]gentler and more caressing. It lay placidly in her arms and patted her lips when she tried to talk, with the tips of its rosy fingers. She caught them between her teeth and mumbled them, and the child chuckled gleefully. But by and by it was taken away to bed, and then Felipa was alone with its father and mother. Through the tiresome evening she felt oppressed and angrily nervous. The Elltons had always affected her so. "I am speaking about Mrs. Cairness," Forbes went on earnestly, "because she is more of an argument for you than the child is, which is un-English too, isn't it? But the child is a fine boy, nevertheless, and there will be other children probably. I don't need to paint their future to you, if you let them grow up here. You owe it to them and to your wife and to yourself¡ªto society for that matter¡ªnot to retrograde. Oh! I say, I'm out and out lecturing on sociology. You're good-tempered to put up with it, but I mean well¡ªlike most meddlers." In the midst of these secret correspondences the queen was seized at Windsor with a serious illness, and, considering the general state of her health, it was most threatening. The hopes of the Jacobites rose wonderfully; the Funds went rapidly down; there was a great run upon the Bank, and the Directors were filled with consternation by a report of an armament being ready in the ports of France to bring over the Pretender at the first news of Anne's decease.[15] They sent to the Lord Treasurer to inform him of the danger which menaced the public credit. The whole of London was in excitement, from a report that the queen was actually dead. The Whigs did not conceal their joy, but were hurrying to and fro, and meeting in large numbers at the Earl of Wharton's. The Lord Treasurer, to keep down the public alarm, remained in town, and contented himself with sending expresses to obtain constant news of the queen's state, for his hurrying to Windsor would have had an inconceivable effect. He, therefore, let himself be seen publicly where he could be questioned regarding the condition of the queen, and gave assurances that she was better. To allay the panic, Anne was induced to sign a letter prepared for her, announcing to Sir Samuel Stancer, the Lord Mayor, that she was now recovering, and would be in town and open Parliament on the 16th of February. This news being confirmed, those who had been too hasty in pulling off their masks found some awkwardness in fitting them on again. The Press was active. Steele published a pamphlet called "The Crisis," in advocacy of the Revolution, and on the danger of a Popish succession; whilst on the other hand came out a reply, supposed to be written by Swift, not without a few touches from Bolingbroke; it was styled "The Public Spirit of the Whigs," and was distinguished by all the sarcasm of the authors. The queen's recovery, and the fact that the French armament was a fiction, quieted the storm and again restored the Funds. Marlborough landed at Dover on the day of the queen's death, where he was received with the warmest acclamations and tokens of the highest popularity. He was met on his approach to London by a procession of two hundred gentlemen, headed by Sir Charles Coxe, member for Southwark. As he drew nearer this procession was joined by a long train of carriages. It was like a triumph; and Bothmar, the Hanoverian Minister, wrote home that it was as if he had gained another battle at H?chst?dt (Blenheim) that he would be of great service in case the Pretender should make any attempt, but that he was displeased that he was not in the regency, or that any man except the king should be higher in the country than he. He went straight to the House of Lords to take the oaths to the king; but at Temple Bar his carriage broke down, to the great delight of the people, because it compelled him to come out and enter another, by which they got a good view of him. Having taken the oaths, he retired into the country till the arrival of the king, disgusted at his not being in the regency. The next month Pitt despatched a smaller fleet and force to destroy the port of Cherbourg, which the French had constructed under Cardinal Fleury, and, as they stated by an inscription, "for all eternity." This time the command was given to General Bligh. Howe was admiral, and on board with him went Prince Edward, afterwards Duke of York. On the 8th of August the troops were landed at Cherbourg, which was[131] deserted by the garrison, and they destroyed the forts and harbour, demolished a hundred and seventy pieces of iron cannon, and carried off twenty-two fine brass ones. After re-embarking and returning to Portsmouth, Bligh was ordered to pay another visit to St. Malo, but still found it too strong for him; yet he landed his men in the bay of St. Lunaire, about two leagues westward of St. Malo; and the weather immediately driving Howe to sea, the army was marched overland to St. Cast, some leagues off. The soldiers were allowed to rove about and plunder, till Bligh heard that the Duke of Aiguillon was advancing against them at the head of a strong force. Bligh then, but in no hurry, marched for the port of St. Cast, followed by Aiguillon, who waited till he had embarked all but one thousand five hundred men, when he fell upon them, and slaughtered a thousand of them in a hollow way amongst the rocks leading down to the shore. The Deacon did not reply to the raillery. He was pondering anxiously about the preservation of his four remaining chickens. The good results manifest from cooking the first only made him more solicitous about the others. Several half-famished dogs had come prowling around, from no one knew where. He dared not kill them in daylight. He knew that probably some, if not all, of them had masters, and the worse and more dangerous a dog is the more bitterly his owner resents any attack upon him. Then, even hungrier looking men with keen eyes and alert noses wandered near, with inquiry in every motion. He would have liked to take Shorty into his confidence, but he feared that the ravenous appetite of convalescence would prove too much for that gentleman's continence. "I gave no orders to raid any place. I have left all those matters in your hands, Colonel, with entire confidence that you would do the right thing." "Haint we bit off more'n we kin chaw. Shorty?" asked Si, as he looked over the increasing gang. "Hadn't we better ask for some help?" Cadnan knew from gossip about the field: that was the place where the metal lay. Alberts worked there, digging it up and bringing it to the buildings where Cadnan and many like him took over the job. He nodded slowly, bending his body from the waist instead of from the neck like the masters, or Marvor. "If you are in the field," he said, "why do you come here? This is not a place for diggers." Dancing at weddings was dying out as a local fashion, so when the breakfast was over the guests melted away, having eaten and drunk themselves into a desire for sleep. Reuben's family went home. He and Rose lingered a little with her uncle, then as the January night came crisping into the sky and fields, he drove her to Odiam in his gig, as long ago he had driven Naomi. She leaned against his shoulder, for he wanted both hands for his horse, and her hair tickled his neck. She was silent for about the first time that day, and as eager for the kisses he could give her while he drove as Naomi had been shy of them. Above in the cold black sky a hundred pricks of fire shuddered like sparks¡ªthe lump of Boarzell was blocked against a powder of stars. "And if he has," returned the dusty-foot, "he cannot have a greater cause. It is all very well for the great,¡ªit looks well upon them; and even the decent chapman and yeomen get little harm by it: but for the poor man to be proud; to have the swelling heart and the burning cheek¡ªoh! it is a curse!" He raised his voice as he spoke, and then sinking it to a whisper, added¡ª"and if it is a sin, surely it has its punishment." When all were assembled, Calverley stated that Stephen Holgrave, having refused to swear that he would not again take advantage of his liberty to flee from bondage, the baroness not wishing, from a feeling of clemency, to punish his obstinacy farther, had desired him to declare that she should hold each bondman responsible for the appearance of Holgrave, and should consider their moveables and crops forfeited in the event of his absconding. HoMEÎ÷ÌõÁðÁ§REAL448 ENTER NUMBET 0017
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